Apparatus for casting.



No. 787,825. PATENTED APR. 11, 1905. "fl-f1 1. GOWDEN. APPARATUSFOR CASTING.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14. 1904.

No. 787,325. Patented April 11, 1905.

iUNiTED STATES PATENT @FFICE,

FREDERHK tOlYDlCN OF MONTREAL, CANADA, ASSIGNOR ()F ()NE-HALF TO ROBERT SAMUEL LOGAN, OF MONTREAL, CANADA.

APPARATUS FOR CASTING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 787,325, dated April 11. 1905. r

Original application tiled May 21, 1904, Serial No, 209,088. Divided and this application filed July 14,1904. Serial No. 216,5l4. L

1/; whom if muj //)l/('/7'7l, pable of changing the degree of hardness of 5 Be it known that l, Fincnicuick Cowuicy, of the portion of material beingcast which comes 1 the city of Montreal, Province of Quebec, into contact with such face of the mold. This Canada, have invented certain new and useful mold also includes, in conpmction with this 5 Improvements in Apparatus for Casting; and carrying-face, means for distributing a subldo hereby declare that the following is a full, stance relatively to and causing the same to clear, and exact description of the same. ,1 mingle with the portion of the material which E My invention relates to casting generally is about to come in contact with the carrying- "1 where it is required to make a casting with one face, such means being adapted to determine [O or more portions different in chemical and the i' uantityol the lastmentioned substance physical properties from the remainder, and and this last-mentioned substance having an 8,1 mrticularly to the casting of metal 0l) ]QCtS atlinity for one or more of the elements of the H s having a portion SllbjtCtCll to greater wear substance carried by the carrying-face and than its other portions, such as the tread and being capable of changing the degree of hardi5 flange of a car-wheel, the bearing-surface of ness of the portion of the material with which an axle, trunnion, or brake-shoe, or frictionit mingles or combines or otherwise comes 5 .l r

faces of an engine, a cog or other wheels, rails into intimate and permanently-enduring relai or diamond-crossings. frogs, switch-points, i tion for the purpose of producing a cast arti- 4 n and the like, or any other article or device cle having a portion thereofof a ditl'erent de- 20 having a portion subjected to greater wear or gree of hardness from the remainder. The liable to be subjected to greater stress than mold is made up from silica-sand, as is usual 7 the other portions thereof. for steel castings. f I

The treads of car-wheels have hitherto been The process and product above referred to hardened by chilling, and it has been the prealthough hereinafter described in detail are vailing custom to in a like manner harden the not claimed, as they form the subject-matter bearing-faces of bearings, the teeth of cogof separate applications liled by me i\lay 21, f wheels, or other surfaces or portions of things 190i, under Serial N 209,088, (of which this produced by casting. l urthermore, when is a divisional part,) and July 15, 190i, under Y articles have been made heretofore with a por- Serial N 216,758, respectively, the latter be- 0 tion or portions thereof of a dilierent degree ing also a divisional part of such parent case. p of hardness from the remainder cast-iron has Fort'ull comprehension, however, of my in- 30 been used. vention reference must be had to the accom- The main object of this invention is to cnpanyingdrawings, foriningapartofthisspeciable open-hearth acid or basic steel to be sublication, in which similar reference characters stituted for cast-iron, the obvious advantage indicate the same parts, and whereinbeing that a much lighter and yet stronger Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a car- 5 article can be produced; and the invention wheel mold constructed according to my iiialso has for its object to enable the degree of vention, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the drag hardness of one or more portions of a thing I with the cope removed. 4 eing cast to be changed by combining with 1 will now describe a mold whereby a carsuch portion or portions a substance capable wheel can be cast in order to (lClllOllSlll'tttB the 9 v.3

paratus for this purpose. I. do not conline myself to such embodiment,

The invention may be said briefly to consist but select the same only as an instance. 45 of a mold of novel construction one member My improved mold is in the main of usual whereof is adapted to carry in one of its faces construction and consists of a cope b and drag a substance containing one or more elements c, shaped interiorly to impart the required l l l of etl'ecting this result and to provide an apinvention, although it is to be understood that l having an atlinity for one or more of the eleform, the drag having one of its wallsdadaptments contained in the molten metal and caed to act as a chill and the cope havinga pouring-gate or sprue-hole lb. According to my invention the chill is formed with a series of apertures or recesses 6. After the mold has been formed 1 locate a destructible tray f (in this instance of annular form and consisting, preferably, of paper or other inflammable material) in thedrag and support the same above the floor, preferably upon a series of pins g, preferably fusible at a comparatively low temperature. This tray is preferably cut to a size adapted to hold heaped thereon the required quantity, and no more, of manganese to be combined with the substance in the apertures or recesses in the chill, thereby acting as a gage.

The method of using my improved mold is as follows: I first fill the apertures or recesses a with a mixture consisting of sand, one (1) part, and pulverized coke, two (2) parts, dampened with molasses-water, the latter being in the proportion of molasses, one (1) part, and water, five (5) parts. The chill is then washed with a liquid consisting of manganese, one (1) part, coke, two (2) parts, and molasses-water, the latter consisting of molasses, one (1) part, and water, five (5) parts. While the chill is drying the dry powdered manganese in quantity suflicient with that in the liquid mixture with which the chill has been washed to impart the desired degree of hardness to the article being cast is introduced into the mold, this being done in the following manner: The destructible tray f is placed upon the pins and as much dry pulverized manganese as it will hold is heaped thereon, the tray being gaged to hold sufficient manganese to make up with that in the liquid mixture with which the chill is washed, approximately from one to two per cent., according to the degree of hardness desired. After the chill is dry the mold is closed and the molten metal, preferably open-hearth acid or basic steel, is poured into the same through the ingate or sprue-hole It, the remainder of the process being the same as usual in casting car-wheels, excepting that if the pins g should not happen to be fused they can be broken or filed off. The action which takes place while the molten metal is being poured and while it is flowing from the ingate to the chill is that when it comes in contact with the tray the latter will be gradually destroyed and the elements thereof will combine with the elements of the metal, thus allowing the manganese heaped thereon to be fused and absorbed by the flowing molten metal, which will gradually take up all the manganese upon the tray. Owing to the natural rolling forward of such molten metal as it flows, the manganese is supported above the bottom of the mold in order to cause the manganese to be distributed throughout and absorbed by that portion only of the molten metal which will lie in contact with and be adjacent to the chill when the cast is made. This manner of supplying the dry pulverized manganese to the molten metal secures a uniform distribution thereof throughout the portion of the molten metal by which it is required to be taken up. The resultant chemical action is that the molten metal, with the additional manganese absorbed thereby, absorbs the carbon in the substance with which the apertures or recesses in the chill are charged, thereby making the portion of the casting thus treated different in chemical and physical properties, owing to its being recarbonized from the charges of carboniferous substance carried by the chill, and made to constitute an alloy rich in manganese, and consequently hard and durable.

The casting produced according to the foregoing consists of a body portion comprising any desired percentage of carbon-say, for instance, 0.25 to 0. 35 per cent. approximately while the tread and rim comprise carbon from 0.75 to one per cent., approximately, and manganese from one to two per cent., approximately.

Articles cast according to the foregoing may be considerably less in weight, comparatively speaking, and will be able to withstand greater strain than like articles as heretofore cast, and in the case of car-wheels while the center or body portion thereof will be of softer steel of any requisite degree of strength or hardness such as having, for instance, from 0.25 to 0.35 per cent. carbon-such wheel will have a harder wearing-surface or tread of from 0.75 to one per cent. carbon and from one to two per cent. manganese combined with the 0.25"

to 0.35 per cent., the latter being the carbon strength of the mass from which the wheel is cast. The effect of the manganese upon the molten steel is to render the portion thereof with which it combines tougher than the remainder.

What I claim is as follows:

1. A mold having an ingate and means inflammable at a comparatively low temperature for supporting a substance within the mold such means being located between the ingate and one of the walls of the mold.

2. A mold having an ingate and a horizontally-arranged open device within the mold between the ingate and one of the walls and such device being adapted to have a substance heaped loosely thereon, for the purpose set forth. I

3. A mold having an ingate and a horizontally-arranged open device of plate form within the mold between the ingate and one of the walls and such device being adapted to have a substance heaped loosely thereon, for the purpose set forth.

4. A mold having an ingate, one wall of the mold being adapted to carry a substance different from the substance composing the wall of the mold and such wall being provided with vents communicating with the atmosphere.

5. A mold having an ingate, one wall of the mold being formed with a receptacle adapted to carry a substance, such wall being provided with vents conmiunicating with the atmosphere.

e. A mold having an ingate, one wall of the mold having a series of apertures therein ad apted to carry a substance, such wall being provided with vents communicating with the atmosphere.

T. A mold having an ing-ate, one wall of the mold being adapted to carry a substance ditt'erent from the substance composing the wall of the mold and such wall being provided with vents communicating with the atmosphere, and means for supporting a second substance above the bottom of the mold and between the ingate and such wall of the mold, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

8. A mold having an ingate, one wall of the mold having a series ot'apertures therein adapted to carry a substance, and means for supporting a substance between the ingate and the wall having the apertures therein.

3;). A mold having an ingate, one wall of the mold being formed with a receptacle adapted to carry a substance, and means for supporting a substance between the ingate and the wall having the receptacle therein.

10. A mold having an ingate,one wall of the moldv having a series of apertures therein adapted to carry a substance and an inflammable device for supporting a substance between the iugate and the wall having the apertures therein.

11. A mold having an ingate,one wall of the mold having a series of apertures therein adapted to carry a substance and a paper device for supporting a substance between the ing-ate and the wall having the apertures therein.

12. A circular mold having its peripheral wall in the form of a chill and such chill having apertures therein adapted to carry a substance, an annular device for supporting a substance within the mold and adapted to be destroyed by the molten material being cast and means for supporting the device above the floor of the mold, for the purpose set forth.

13. A circular mold having its peripheral wall in the form of a chill and such chill having a receptacle formed therein adapted to carry a substance, an annular device for supporting a substance within the mold and adapted to be destroyed by the molten material being cast and means for supporting the device above the floor of the mold, for the purpose set forth.

let. A circular mold having its peripheral wall in the form of a chill and such chill having apertures therein adapted to carry a substance, a paper annulus for supporting a substance within the mold, and means for supporting the paper annulus above the floor ot the mold, for the purpose set forth.

15. A circular mold having its peripheral wall in the form of a chill and such chill having apertures therein adapted to carry a substance, an annular device fol-supporting a substance within the mold and adapted to be destroyed by the molten material being cast, and a series of pins inserted in the floor of the mold for supporting the annular device, substantially as described and For the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have atlixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK CO\VDEN.

\Vitnesses:

P. GORMAN, \YILLIAM P. MoFeA'r. 

